Serif Type and the Best of All Backgrounds

If education were a brand, how would it appear in Graphis? If it had an “accent” (Peacock, 2005) how would it sound? If it were written in type and offered “real hope of future prosperity and well-being” (Blair 2003 p. 1), which typeface would it wear? Approachable? Authoritative? Educated? If education is not a product-brand, it could be argued that learning is a product of education. How then in the light of the government’s widening participation strategy should this learning be packaged? Does it have a ‘core value’, a ‘character’ or an “essential nature”? (Cotton, 1995 p. 17). How should it look? How should it make its learners feel? How should it be communicated to its ‘market’? Does its market have an expectation of it?

In January 2003, the UK government White Paper, “The Future of Higher Education”, called for “an expansion of the higher education system”, which “had not yet extended to the talented and best from all backgrounds”, by widening participation (WP). In 2006 I completed a logotype re-design for the Workers’ Educational Association (WEA), whose learner’s – those “outside any traditional education provision” (ibid I) and ‘inside’ the governments WP ‘framework’ – are ‘typical’ of those socio-groups noted as ‘all backgrounds’. The exercise introduced me to the notion of communicating any WP message using typography to support its message, effectively, successfully and appropriately. Could design contribution seek to motivate prospective WP learners into a university education and thus support government strategy? Could any preferred ‘style’ be identified in this context? If “typefaces are loaded with references” (Peacock (Visard), 2005) what ‘references’ should be called upon here?

My research currently entitled “Serif Type and the ‘Best of All Backgrounds” seeks to address those questions by embracing the targeted audience – where I interact with them directly to decipher whether there is a discernible typographical trend or preference where WP learners who aspire to be educated at a HE level are exposed to course publicity through print and online means. Methods chosen for this research, include reflective practice, focus groups, interviews, surveys, ice-breakers, discourse, and design observation.

This online Virtual Exhibition reflects the cornerstones of this research to date, where the samples showing are of my own production. Subsequent research will also draw together samples from others around the sector in order to provide a wider reflection of design activity, and how this might combine to form a wider visual language amongst Further Eduaction and Higher Education groups.

Bibliography

ibid I – The WEA Learner Handbook (2006) downloaded from website: http://www.swales.wea.org.uk/Tutor_Resources/Tutor_Res_WEA_Publications.html

ibid II – WEA Annual Report 2003 downloaded from website:

http://www.swales.wea.org.uk/Tutor_Resources/Tutor_Res_WEA_Publications.html

Neill A. (Speaker) (2007) Daily Politics (Public broadcast 24th April 2007) London: BBC Television

Bandura A. (1977) Social Learning Theory; Prentice hall

Banks, Olive (1968) The Sociology of Education Batsford, London

Barnard M. (2001): Approaches to Understanding Visual Culture, Palgrave

Bartram D. (1982): The perception of semantic quallity in type: Differences between designers and non-designers, Information Design Journal 3(1), p.30-37

Blair, Tony (2003) Foreword to A Ministry of Enthusiasm: Centenary Essays on the Workers’ Educational Association Edited by Stephen K. Roberts  Pluto Press

Brumberger, E. (2003): The rhetoric of typography: The awareness and impact of typeface appropriateness. (Applied Research) Publication: Technical Communication (Refereed) p. 206-223

Available online: http://www.faculty.english.ttu.edu/Eaton/5365/brumberger.pdf

Curzon L.B. (1976) Teaching in Further Education; Continuum

Edwards, Richard (2004) Rhetoric and Educational Discourse : Persuasive Texts? London : RoutledgeFalmer

Fairclough, Norman 1992 Discourse and Social Change; Cambridge : Polity

Fathy, Hassan (1977) Essay: Architecture For the Poor, from Theories and Manifestoes Edited by Charles Jencks and Karl Kropf; Academy Editions

Heller S. (2004) The Education of a Typographer; Allworth Press

Jury D (2006) What is typography?; RotoVision

Jury D (2002) About Face: Reviving the Rules of Typography; RotoVision

Levinson, P. 1998. The Soft Edge; London Routledge

Lewis C. and Walker P. (1989): Typographic influences on reading, British Journal of Psychology 80(2), p.241-257

Mackiewicz, Jo and Rachel Moeller: (2004) “Why People Perceive Typefaces to Have Different Personalities” Professional Communication Conference, IPCC 2004 p. 304-313

Cited from: http://orange.eserver.org/issues/6-1/striker.html

Marx, L., and Smith, R. 1994 Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism; Cambridge MIT Press

Michael, M. 1999. Reconnecting Culture, Technology and Nature: From Society to Heterogeneity; International Library of Sociology, London Routledge

Newark Q (2002): What is Graphic Design?; Rotovision SA

Osgood, Charles (1969) Semantic Differential Technique; Aldine Publishing

Ovink G.W. (1938): Legibility Atmosphere-value & Forms of Printing Types; Sijthoff, Leiden, The Netherlands

Papineau, D. & H, Selina. 2000. Introducing Consciousness; Duxford, Cambridge. Icon Books

Peacock I. (2005): From Arial Wide to Latin BBC Radio Public Broadcast London: BBC Radio
Available online: http://www. bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/fromarialtowidelatin.shtml

Contributors: including Julian Visard (St. Lukes), Neville Brody, Caroline Archer

Perfect, C. (1992): The Complete Typographer – A Manual For Designing With Type – Little, Brown Company

Poffenberger A.T. and Franken R.B. (1923): Typeface appropriateness, Journal of Applied Psychology 7, p.312-329

Rogener, S., Pool, A., & Packhauser, U. (1995): Branding with type: How type sells (Tripier, S. Trans.). Mountain View, California: Adobe Press

Available online: http://www.praxis.massey.ac.nz/fileadmin/Praxis/Files/Journal_Files/Issue2/Commentary/thangaraj.pdf

Sanders, M.S. and McCormick, E.J. (1993): Human Factors in Engineering and Design; McGraw-Hill, New York

Sarup M (1983): Marxism, Structuralism, Education: Theoretical Developments in The Sociology of Education; Falmer Press

Silverman, David (2006) Interpreting qualitative data : methods for analyzing talk, text and interaction; Sage

Skinner B.F. (1969): Contingencies of Reinforcement; Prentice Hall

Schiller G. (1935): An experimental study of appropriateness of colour and type in advertising, Journal of Applied Psychology 19, p.652-664

Stafford, B. 1999. Visual Analogy: Consciousness as the Art of Connecting; Cambridge MIT Press

Swann, C. (1991) Language and Typography, Lund Humphries

Twemlow A. (2006): What is Graphic Design For? RotoVision SA

Walker P., Smith S., and Livingston A. (1986): Predicting the appropriateness of a typeface on the basis of its multi-modal features, Information Design Journal 5(1), p.29-42

Zachrisson B. (1965): Studies in Legibility of Printed Text; Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm

Leave a Reply

Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in:

WordPress.com Logo

You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Log Out / Change )

Twitter picture

You are commenting using your Twitter account. Log Out / Change )

Facebook photo

You are commenting using your Facebook account. Log Out / Change )

Connecting to %s

Follow

Get every new post delivered to your Inbox.